100년전 여성 참정권-100 Years Ago, The 1913 Women's Suffrage Parade

 

 

 

아주 귀한 자료입니다.

 

100년 전에 여성들이 기본권리를 갖기위해 얼마나 심한 고생과 희생을 치르며

 

쟁취했는가를 보여주는 귀한 자료입니다.

 

그림 17번을 보시면 그 당시 얼마나 대단한 군중들이 길을 매웠는지 알 수가 있습니다.

 

밑에 대충 요약한 것을 보시고 사진밑에 영어설명 읽어보시면 이해가 빠르리라 봅니다.

 

 

 

 

 

100 Years Ago,

 

The 1913

 

Women's Suffrage Parade.

 

 

 

 

 

Mar 1, 2013 |

 

 

Less than a century ago, women in the United States were not guaranteed the right to vote.

Many courageous groups worked hard at state and local levels

throughout the end of the 19th century, making some small gains toward women's suffrage.

In 1913, the first major national efforts were undertaken,

beginning with a massive parade in Washington, D.C., on March 3 -- one day before the inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson.

Organized by Alice Paul for the National American Woman Suffrage Association,

the parade, calling for a constitutional amendment,

featured 8,000 marchers, including nine bands, four mounted brigades,

20 floats, and an allegorical performance near the Treasury Building.

Though the parade began late, it appeared to be off to a good start until the route

along Pennsylvania Avenue became choked with tens of thousands of spectators -

- mostly men in town for the inauguration.

Marchers were jostled and ridiculed by many in the crowd.

Some were tripped, others assaulted.

Policemen appeared to be either indifferent to the struggling paraders,

or sympathetic to the mob.

Before the day was out, one hundred marchers had been hospitalized.

The mistreatment of the marchers amplified the event -- and the cause --

into a major news story and led to congressional hearings,

where the D.C. superintendent of police lost his job.

What began in 1913 took another seven years to make it through Congress.

In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment secured the vote for women.

[24 photos]

 

 

 

 

 

대충요약하면..

 

 

 

 

100년 전엔 미국의 여성들도 투표권을 행사하지 못 했습니다.

많은 용기있는 단체들은 19 세기 말까지 전국적으로나 지엽적으로 참정권을 위해 열심히 궐기하였습니다.

그래서 여성 참정권이 약간의 진척이 있었습니다.

1913년 3월 3일에 첫번째로 대규모의 전국적 가두시위가 와싱톤 DC에서 있었는데

그 날이 바로 Woodrow Wilson 대통령의 취임식 하루 전 날 이였습니다.

Alice Paul을 주축으로한 전미 여성 참정권 협회가 조직되여

헌법 수정을 요구하며 재무부 빌딩 근처에서 풍자적인 연출을 하면서 시위를 벌렸는데

동원된 수가 8.000명 이였고 아홉개 밴드와 4개의 기병여단 그리고 20개의 부유물 수레 등이였습니다.

비록 퍼레이드가 늦게 시작되였지만 처음엔 순조롭게 시작됬으나

백악관으로 가는 길목인 Pennsylvania Avenue에 수만의 구경꾼들로

질식상태까지 되도록 떠밀려서 막히게 됬는데 구경꾼들은 대개가 취임식에온 남자들이였습니다.

시위자들은 떠밀려 넘어지고 조롱을 당하며 공격도 당했습니다.

경찰들은 공격받은 시위자들에겐 무관심 한듯했고 오히려 폭도들에겐 동정적이였습니다.

날이 저물기 전에 이미 백여명의 시위자들이 병원에 입원했습니다.

시위자들을 잘못 처리함으로서 사건이 커지고 이것이 주요 뉴스가 되는 바람에 

의회청문회로 이어지면서 D.C.관할 경찰감독관이 파면됬습니다.

1913년에 시작됬던 이 사건은 그 후 7년이 더 걸려서 의회를 통과하여

1920년에야 19th 수정안으로 여성들의 투표권이 확보됬습니다.

 

 

 

 

German actress Hedwig Reicher wears the costume of "Columbia" with other suffrage pageant participants standing in background in front of the Treasury Building in Washington, D.C., on March 3, 1913. The performance was part of the larger Suffrage Parade of 1913. (Library of Congress)

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

Suffragist Alice Paul, in a 1913 photograph. Paul was born in New Jersey, earned an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, then traveled to England and became friends with members of the women's suffrage movement there. She soon became very active herself, and, on returning to the United States soon after, joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Her first actions as part of NAWSA were to organize a massive parade in Washington, D.C. to promote a new constitutional amendment that would guarantee women's right to vote in the U.S. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

3

Cover of the program for the 1913 women's suffrage procession. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

4

Elizabeth Freeman of the New York State Suffrage Association, with horse and carriage, on her way to join the March 3, 1913 suffrage march in Washington, D.C. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

5

Mrs. E.R. Smith practicing speechmaking from a covered platform before a small crowd, a 'school for suffragette speakers' in Union Square. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

6

Suffragists on bus in New York City, part of the suffrage hike to Washington, D.C., which joined the March 3, 1913 National American Woman Suffrage Association parade. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

7

March 3, 1913 photo at the Suffrage Parade, showing marchers (left to right) Mrs. Russell McLennan, Mrs. Althea Taft, Mrs. Lew Bridges, Mrs. Richard Coke Burleson, Alberta Hill and Miss F. Ragsdale. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

8

The hike lead by "General" Rosalie Jones from New York to Washington, D.C., for the March 3, 1913 Suffrage parade. Photo taken in Newark, New Jersey on Broad Street, just north of West Kinney Street, on February 12, 1913. Rosalie Jones is walking behind the first car. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

9

Suffragists hand out flyers advertising the upcoming parade, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

10

Women suffrage hikers arriving in Washington, D.C., from New York, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

11

At an open air meeting in Washington, D.C., in March of 1913, calling upon Congress to pass the national woman suffrage amendment. This photograph shows Mrs. John Rogers, sister-in-law of former Secretary of War, and a member of the Advisory Council of the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage, speaking in front of old Corcoran Art Gallery. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

12

Lawyer Inez Milholland Boissevain prepares to lead the Suffrage Parade, on March 3, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

13

Women suffragists at the head of the parade, marching down Pennsylvania Avenue, with the U.S. Capitol in background, on March 3, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

14

Actress Margaret Vale Howe, a participant in the suffrage parade in Washington, D.C., in March of 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

15

Tableau presented by the Women's Suffrage Association, on the U.S. Treasury building steps, on March 3, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

16

Spectators crowd in on the passing Suffrage Parade on Pennsylvania Avenue, on March 3, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

17

Pennsylvania Avenue, completely choked with spectators during the Suffrage Parade, on March 3, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

18

"Home Makers," part of the Women's Suffrage Parade, on March 3, 1913. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

19

Crowds press in on the parade route in Washington, D.C., on March 3, 1913. The stands and bunting were in place for the Inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson, scheduled for the following day. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

20

Part of the 1913 Suffrage Parade. The signs read "In The Home", and "Homemakers". (Library of Congress) #

 

 

21

The crowd converges on marchers, blocking the parade route during March 3, 1913, suffrage procession, in Washington, D.C. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

22

This photo is captioned "Crowd breaking parade up at 9th St., March 3, 1913." (Library of Congress) #

 

 

23

The crowd surrounds and slows a Red Cross ambulance during the Women's suffrage procession, on March 3, 1913. Dozens of marchers were injured during the march, shoved and tripped by spectators. (Library of Congress) #

 

 

24

After the Parade: Mrs. John Boldt, Mrs. May Morgan, Miss Dock, and Miss Craft, suffrage hikers who took part in the suffrage hike from New York City to Washington, D.C., as well as the parade itself, on March 3, 1913. (Library of Congress) #